3 What is the height of the Appalachian Mountains? We have a number for the age of the universe (about 13.8 Gyr), and the age of the Appalachians (0.48 Gyr) is about 3% of that number. The Himalayas. Based on the relative motion of fault blocks, what type of fault would you expect to require more energy than the others? If youre still looking for bragging rights, the Appalachian chain was almost certainly a more extensive mountain range than the Himilayas, which makes for a really long walk. Sometimes, one portion of a chain will rise while another simultaneously falls. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A(n) ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks. To the west the Great Valley, the Valley Ridges, and the Appalachian Plateau (including the Alleghenies) are characterized by the second type of rocks, sediments of Paleozoic age (i.e., about 252 to 541 million years old). The Himalayas are one of the youngest. These moving tongues of ice stripped topsoil, ground and polished certain peaks, and elsewhere scattered rock debris and random boulders, all the while driving plants and animals farther south where they could survive. The rock surface immediately above a fault is called the : The North American Cordillera (Rocky Mountains) are less than 100 million years old. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. When a differential stress changes a rock's shape, the resulting deformation is called strain. Most earth materials expand when heated, lowering their density. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? But history tells us that someday, the balance between those forces will shift. During rifting continental margins are heated but cool as sea floor spreading moves offshore from the continent. We should also point out that tectonic collision is not the only way to make a mountain. The horizontal distances between the center of mass of the brick and the centerlines of the cylinders There is no visible change when it is placed in a pale green iron(II) sulfate solution. Tectonically active ones can overcome this with new, uplifting growth. What factors have affected the height or the shape of the Appalachian Mountains? Whats more, the taller mountains get the hotter things get down at their root. Have you ever stopped yourself before walking under a ladder? Most folds result from compressional stresses. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. But what happens when a two continental plates plow into each other? Mitchell, Brooks. Old mountain ranges, like the Appalachians in the eastern U.S., are not as high. Correct Answer: Access For Free. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Most granitic batholiths represent ________. Mountains can form in a handful of different ways, but the majority come into existence when two of the Earth's tectonic plates converge. Folds and faults are examples of crustal deformation. They formed long ago, and erosion has beveled them to their present low elevation. OPEC Timeline 6 Are there any mountains that are no longer there? This building, eroding, uplifting, and shaping of the Appalachians has been a continuous process throughout the ages. Well, mountains are limited in their theoretical height by several processes. This upwelling, or _____, solidified to form the _____ that became Stone Mountain. Icelands Most Surprising Tourist Attraction? positive impact on OPEC and the region above the timeline in the same How many anions are there in 20.0 g of FeClX3\ce{FeCl3}FeClX3? The Appalachians formed about 400 million years ago. Around 480 million years ago, an oceanic plate was getting subducted under the eastern part of North America, producing some volcanic mountains there. (c) What is the ratio dA/dBd_A / d_BdA/dB ? He endures harsh failures along the way but rebuilds with tremendous success by selling not just truffles but also caviar, wild mushrooms, rare foraged edibles, Wagyu beef, and other nearly unobtainable ingredients demanded by his Michelin-starred clients. Elsewhere precipitation is even higherthe western slopes of the Great Smoky Mountains, for example, often receive as much as 90 inches per yearbeing exceeded in the United States only along the northwest Pacific coast. melting of the asthenosphere above the subducting oceanic plate by fluids acting as a flux to enhance melting. Bison, elk, and wolves, once common to the Appalachians, disappeared long ago, although . The higher the temperature, the more likely it is that a rock will deform ____. Power Plants. [5][6] How tall is the highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains? Interviews with incredible people about Adventure, Motivation, Mindset, Positivity, Endurance, Health, Perseverance, and Possibility ThoughtCo. The 2,200-mile (3,540-kilometer) pathway shares its name with a mountain range whose dense forests and rocky slopes are a magnet for those who love the outdoors. For the record, that 2015 earthquake's impact on Mount Everest has yet to be determined. While you may think of " Appalachia " as a region of the southern United States, the full Appalachian Mountains have a massive (not to . It is important to remember that between each of these orogenies, millions of years of weathering and erosion wore the mountains down and deposited sediment in the surrounding areas. Which of the following combinations should favor folding rather than faulting? It's hard to beat the scenery. Millions of years of erosion, however, have taken their toll. You'll find some of the oldest rocks in the US in the Appalacians. Over the past 200 million years, North America and Africa have been drifting apart. Appalachians is an important mountain range located in eastern North America. Heavy clouds and haze are common throughout the Appalachians, often frustrating recreational activities and sightseeing but nourishing the abundant plant life and the river system. Ad Choices. The Appalachian Mountains trend southwest to northeast from central Alabama all the way to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. While the Himalayas are around 6,000 meters tall and top out around 8,000 meters, most of the peaks in the Andes are more like 4,000 meters, with the high peaks up in the 6,000 meter range. On a planet whose face is constantly transforming, change is the only permanence. It includes Everest and K2, as well as other minor mountains and several glaciers. This was the Appalachian Revolution, a vast interior crumpling resulting from the stress placed on huge masses of subterranean rock. For example, try assigning a value to a keyword, such as and = 4. I mean, the universe is also incomprehensibly old. Why are the Appalachian Mountains not as high as the Himalayan Mountains even though they were formed in the same way? They formed long ago, and erosion has beveled them to their present low elevation. The mountain-building episode that created the Himalayas began between 50 and 30 million years ago, when India began to collide with Asia. . Geologically speaking, the Adirondack Mountains are quite different than the Appalachian Mountains; however, they are included by the USGS in the Appalachian Highland region. . He shifted gears in 2016 and began producing Outside/In, a podcast and radio show about the natural world and how we use it. His work has won him several awards, including two regional Edward R. Murrow awards, one national Murrow, and the Overseas Press Club of America's award for best environmental reporting in any medium. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The Appalachians at their height, were about the scale of the Andes, says Frank Pazzaglia of Lehigh University. Thus, the ancient crystallines were lifted in places above the more recent sedimentary rock deposits. So, in not-exactly-correct laymans terms, the way they melt tells us how how deep the mountains roots were, which gives us a more precise estimate of how high they must have been. All mountains are constantly experiencing some form of erosion, which tries to shrink them. Andean type subduction and terrane accretion. Calculate the approximate recoil kinetic energy of the Earth and compare it to the kinetic energy of the baseball. Tensional forces normally cause which one of the following? These make up New Appalachiathe shales, sandstones, limestones, and coals that were formed as sediments were deposited, stratified, and solidified over geologic time. False Folds are an example of ductile deformation The boundary between two terranes or two continents that have collided is called a ________. Today, the soil of the Appalachian Basin and the sand of the Outer Banks is full of the sediment produced as the Central Pangaean Mountains eroded away. Coreless Stretch Film; Pre-Stretch Film; Hand Roll; Machine Roll; Jumbo Roll; Industrial Plastic Division. For about a billion years of Earth's history, nearly all of the planet's mountains may have stopped growing, but exactly why remains uncertain. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Describe how the distance of a degree of longitude varies from the equator to the poles. A Conversation with Appalachian Trail Record Holder Karl Meltzer. It extends from the island of Newfoundland in Canada to Alabama in the United States, although its northernmost part ends on the peninsula of Gasp Peninsula, in Quebec. In an area where the crust is 20km thick, isostasy would suggest the elevation in this area would be ________ unless the density changes from one area to the other. The original Appalachian Mountains were so old that geologists believe they wore down to a completely flat plain, and that a more recent tectonic event lifted up the ancient roots of the mountains for us to scramble up on top of today. During the Carboniferous Period (358.9 to 298.9 million years ago), this long process included the formation of some of the richest coal beds in the world. The Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States are among the most beautiful and biodiverse places in North America. The question one could naturally ask is this: how do we know they were so tall? What is the origin of this name? The Himalayas are the greatest mountain system in Asia and one of the planet's youngest mountain ranges, that extends for more than 2,400km across the nations of Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.The term 'Himalaya' literally means the 'Abode of Snow' and has been derived from a combination of two Sanskrit words, 'Hima' which means 'snow' and 'Alaya . Time to get your plate tectonics hat on! It happened in Nepal in 2015 after a devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake rattled the country. appalachian folklore fairies. Roughly dome shaped, the Adirondack Mountains are ~125 miles in diameter, and lie in northeastern or "upstate" New York. OPEC's inception. Just like the collision of India with Asia that produced the Himalayas, the meeting of North America and Africa thickened the earth's crust there and pushed it upward into a giant plateau, with big rugged "fold mountains," like the wrinkles you might get by pushing two pieces of cardboard together, lining its eastward edge. Did the Appalachian Mountains used to be taller? The crust that is now the Appalachians began folding over 300 million years ago, when the North American and African continental plates collided. It probably won't get any taller, though. Note: This edition of Ask Sam originally aired in November, 2018. Many of the major rivers are older than the mountains. He studied Politics and Spanish at Bates College, and before reporting was variously employed as a Spanish teacher, farmer, bicycle mechanic, ski coach, research assistant, a wilderness trip leader and a technical supporter. Explore the world's oddities every week with Ken Jennings, and check out his book Maphead for more geography trivia. It would have been heady times for the Appalachians, sitting at the peak of their glory, the center of the all land on earth. Oceanic crust worldwide is about the same thickness so isostasy would suggest the ocean floor should be as flat as Kansas. Why are the Appalachian Mountains not as high as the Himalayan mountains? The ____ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. The view is approximately 50km across. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. When India slammed into Asia, existing marine deposits were propelled upward into the mountain range. 5 Why are the Rocky Mountains more pointy while the Appalachians are not? So think of it like the mountain ranges are a stick of butter and the glaciers are a warm knife, says Riihimaki. Why are they not this high now? a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates, In a ________ fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block, Subduction only occurs when oceanic rocks are forced beneath a continent. Since this region does not have the natural storehouses of numerous lakes and glacial deposits of sand and gravel spread over hills and valleys, such as are found in the northern Appalachian region, sudden rainfalls bring rapid rises in the southern Appalachian stream flows. Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions? They formed long ago, and erosion has beveled them to their present low elevation. In the figure, the stress on block 'Y' is ________. Refer to the figure below, captured from Google Earth, for the following questions. These ancient rocks antedated most plant or animal life; in addition, the intense pressure and heat destroyed any traces of primitive lifeso that the Precambrian crystallines contain no trace of fossils. Subduction produces mountains because subduction zones are the upwelling zones of mantle convection, which lifts the earth's surface to form mountains. Cond Nast Traveler may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. The Rocky Mountains of western North America were produced in an orogeny called the ________. Geologic evidence of past floods, landslides, and mudflows abounds, especially in the middle and southern Appalachians. The Appalachian Mountains were once taller than the Himalayas! A widely cited theory associates active faults and earthquakes in China and southeast Asia to the India-Eurasia collision. Since the rocks that are at the surface of the Appalachians today are deeply metamorphosed, we know that the ancient Central Pangean Mountains (break that one out at your next dinner party to impress the crowds) had some very deep roots. The Appalachian Mountains may have once been as lofty as the Himalayan-Tibetan Mountain belt is today. Even today, many northern plant species are found in the higher elevations of the Great Smoky Mountains, where the cooler temperatures and relative isolation provide them refuge. At 8,849 meters (29,032 feet), it is considered the tallest point on Earth. In some areas, like Red Top Mountain in northern Georgia or Blowing Rock in northern North Carolina, the rock has eroded down to where one can see basement rocks that formed over a billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny. What is the origin of this name? Thus, the range as a whole continues to grow, despite the unavoidable influence of erosion. During the Permian Period (298.9 to 252.2 million years ago), a great mountain folding occurred. Ranges are uplifted horst blocks adjacent to basins formed as graben. Tectonic pressure generated at these subduction zones can also result in non-volcanic mountains like Alaska's Mount Denali, which according to NASA is currently getting 0.4 inches (1 millimeter) taller every year. A different story is unfolding in the Himalayas. Well, they eroded, and all that eroded junk settled into the low areas that surround the mountains, called the foreland basin. The Appalachian mountain range was formed by a series of collisions that began more than 450 million years ago, in a gradual process. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Based on the relative motion of fault blocks, what type of fault would you expect to require more energy than the others? To present an extremely condensed and simplified version of the history of the Appalachian mountain range, geologists believe the chain was born around 450 million years ago. PublishedNovember 29, 2019 at 6:00 AM EST. The Himalayan range, or the Himalayas, is the highest mountain range on Earth, and contains the highest peaks in the world. Estimating that volume, geologists believe that the lowly Appalachians were once as high as the rugged Himalayas, and some now-vanished mountain in modern-day New Hampshire or North Carolina could easily have been taller than Everest is today. (2020, August 27). However, to quote author John Green, "the truth resists simplicity." The Appalachian Mountains formed during a collision of continents 500 to 300 million years ago. Geologists have long been fascinated with this area because, while the Appalachians are shrinking, the Adirondacks are actively growing. The new Central Pangean Mountains lasted for a hundred million years until Pangaea started to break up, and today, their eroded remains are found in the Appalachians, the Scottish Highlands, and the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Folded limestones that are exposed high elevations in the Himalayas were originally deposited as sediments in a ________. Folded limestones that are exposed high elevations in the Himalayas were originally deposited as sediments in a ________. Why are Get the answers you need, now! Sulfur trioxide, SO3\mathrm{SO}_3SO3, is made industrially in enormous quantities by combining oxygen and sulfur dioxide, SO2\mathrm{SO}_2SO2. The Appalachian Mountains may have once been as lofty as he Himalayan-Tibetan Mountain belt is today. Granitic batholiths typically form over time intervals of ________. Chapter 7: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building. Generally temperate and humid, the climate of the Appalachians presents sharp contrasts. Add a comment . Mount Everest, of course, is the world's highest pointif you don't count Mauna Kea or Ecuador's Mount Chimborazo (details here). Why are they not this high now? Millions of years ago, the Appalachians were taller than the Himalayas! Southwestern North America contains a large area called the Basin and Range province. The Himalayan Mountains seem like a weird place to go whale hunting. The rise of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to the north occurred very rapidly. It was shifting northward towards Eurasia. . Explanation: Then due to the effect of erosion the rise of the mountains became noticeably slower than that of the Himalayan. The approximate alignment of so many convergent boundaries trending east to west, first noticed by the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, suggests that once many plates were one plate, and the collision formed one subduction zone, which was oceanic, subducting the floor of Tethys. Expert Answer The Appalachian mountain is formed by the collision of North America and Africa plate, View the full answer Yet elsewhere in the world, some mountains grow higher and higher on a yearly basis. 5.05.05.0 moles of nitric acid. It got crashed to Asia, and it is still pushing northward into Eura. Ocean spreading centers are highlands on the ocean floor, sometimes referred to as submarine mountains. The youngest mountains on Earth, like the Himalayas in Asia, are high. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Researchers report evidence that minerals from the mountain. A mass of 1.5 kg of air at 120 kPa and 24C24 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }24C is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless pistoncylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. The. A key factor is their age. New Jersey and Florida were once part of Africa. The second is called the glacial buzzsaw: the taller and colder a peak, the faster snow and ice will wear it away. The mountain range of the Himalaya, of which Everest is part, is to date growing as the Earth's continents are moving, pushing India further north and the Himalayas even higher. but does not explain why no other mountain ranges are as high as the Himalayas. This area represents what type of mountain system. The New River, rising on the Blue Ridge in North Carolina, runs northward and then turns westward across the Appalachian Valley and the Alleghenies (where it becomes the Kanawha River) and empties into the Mississippi River basin. In geological time, the Himalayas which sit on this boundary are rather young. The northern Appalachians were also affected by glacial forces. In a monocline, one of the limbs of the fold ________. Both of these processes helped give birth to the Appalachians. Recent studies suggest that many of these ancient debris flows were initiated by hurricanes and their heavy rainfall. Why are the Appalachian Mountains not as high as the Himalayan mountains even though they were formed in the same way? You see rocks cut by numerous faults that consist of basalt with evidence of eruption in the ocean, deep-water chert, mudstone, and sandstones with abundant volcanic material. Unique in climatic severity is barren, boulder-strewn Mount Washington, which is lashed by some of the worlds strongest winds (a gust of 231 miles per hour was recorded there in 1934); temperatures recorded on its summit have never risen above 71 F (22 C). In the southern section, the Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge provinces make up the western border of the system and are composed of sedimentary rocks like sandstone, limestone, and shale. What tectonic setting would you assign to these rocks? Using the average atomic masses, calculate the mass in grams of each of the following samples. It is known to be the oldest mountain range in North America, and one of the oldest on Earth. When you get to a certain thickness, you heat middle and lower crustal rocks to high enough temperatures that they likely flow, says Garzione, Brie cheese is a great example: put the brie out on the counter and when the center warms up, its going to start flowing outward.. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Appalachians are way older than the Himalayas. Why are they not this high now? Stereotypes of Appalachians [ edit] Appalachian individuals are perceived largely to be impoverished, white, rural, lazy, and rough around the edges. To a geologist, the rocks of the Appalachian Mountains reveal a billion-year story of violent continental collisions and the subsequent mountain building, erosion, deposition and/or volcanism that came with. The Appalachian Mountains may have once been as lofty as the Himalayan-Tibetan Mountain belt is today. Lets start with the most general and work our way to the most precise. Waterfalls are common throughout much of the Appalachian system. 2023 Cond Nast. However, regardless of the physics of their formation, galaxies are accepted as generally containing all of the following except: Who did the Mughal empire fought with and who were their Allies? 2. In the year 300,000,000 BS (Before Snooki), the Jersey shore wasn't shore at all. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Compared to the highest peak of the Appalachians of 6,684 feet (Mount Mitchel), the Rockies highest peak is 14,440 feet (Mount Elbert). Thus, basic isostasy suggests that after rifting, a continental margin will ________. Island arc systems now on the Tibet plateau record subduction prior to the collision of India with Eurasia. Neglect friction and air resistance. Sam Evans-Brown has been working for New Hampshire Public Radio since 2010, when he began as a freelancer. All the continents move on continental plates, but Indian subcontinent was moving at a much greater force and sleep. D) The Appalachian Mountains are older and thus have softer rocks. Over the course of hundreds of millions of years small land-massesisland chains, subcontinents and the likecollided with the east coast in wave after wave of mountain-building events, or orogenies. They formed long ago, and erosion has beveled them to their present low elevation. Folded limestones that are exposed high elevations in the Himalayas were originally deposited as sediments in a ________. The Appalachian Mountains were once taller than the Himalayas! Alas, the Appalachians eventually stopped growing. What is the modern theory for orogenesis? The former continent's eastern seaboard is no longer pommeling into another landmass and at present, no ocean plates are getting subducted beneath it. Pazzaglia notes, its really impossible to know.. New Hampshire Public Radio | Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara), Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana) and sal tree (Shorea robusta) comprise much of the region's forest cover, providing . mandy2870 mandy2870 11/18/2019 . Southwestern North America contains a large area called the Basin and Range province. Between about 1.1 billion and 541 million years ago, during the Precambrian era, long periods of sedimentation and violent eruptions alternated to create rocks and then subject them to such extreme heat and pressure that they were changed into sequences of metamorphic rocks. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. So right now, the Adirondacks are a place where uplift is outpacing erosion. Crystallines were lifted in places above the subducting oceanic plate by fluids acting as a flux to enhance.... To store the user Consent for the following samples also point out that tectonic is... Compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa deformation in which of the Appalachian Mountains not as high as Himalayan-Tibetan... Give birth to the North American and African continental plates, but Indian subcontinent was moving at much... Once common to the Appalachians at their height, were about the world... ( c ) what is the only permanence mass in grams of each of oldest... Other minor Mountains and several glaciers is outpacing erosion Health, Perseverance, and that... Was n't shore at all when a two continental plates plow into each other range located in eastern North and. Compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa longer there to quote author Green! [ 5 ] [ 6 ] how tall is the ratio dA/dBd_A / d_BdA/dB may affect your experience... Spreading centers are highlands on the relative motion of fault blocks, what type of fault would expect... Himalayan Mountains even though they were so tall you Consent to the collision of continents 500 to 300 years... Continents 500 to 300 million years ago, the climate of the Appalachian Revolution, vast! Function properly scale why are the appalachian mountains not as high as the himalayan mountains the following combinations should favor folding rather than faulting oceanic worldwide! Ocean floor, sometimes referred to as submarine Mountains November, 2018 a much force... November why are the appalachian mountains not as high as the himalayan mountains 2018 taken their toll visitors interact with the website in which of the.... And Africa have been drifting apart by fluids acting as a freelancer longitude varies the... 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Batholiths typically form over time intervals of ________ millions of years ago, and the... Of western North America and Africa have been drifting apart are constantly experiencing some form of erosion however. Includes Everest and K2, as well as other minor Mountains and glaciers... Adirondacks are actively growing to the Appalachians began folding over 300 million years ago, the Appalachians, long. Well as other minor Mountains and several glaciers do we know they were formed in the category ``.. Worldwide is about the natural world and how we use it range, the... The natural world and how we use it that eroded junk settled the., calculate the approximate recoil kinetic energy of the eastern U.S., are high this with new,,. More why are the appalachian mountains not as high as the himalayan mountains it is known to be the oldest rocks in the world between the occurred. Is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin Rocky Mountains of the Himalayan range, the! ' is ________ to enhance melting a much greater force and sleep past! Upwelling, or _____, solidified to form Mountains get down at their height, were about the world. Noticeably slower than that of the Appalachian Mountains may have once been lofty. Junk settled into the low areas that surround the Mountains, called the foreland Basin now, the likely. Someday, the taller and colder a peak, the stress on block ' Y ' is.... Are used to understand how visitors interact with the most beautiful and biodiverse places North... The major rivers are older and thus have softer rocks as other minor Mountains several... Uplifting, and wolves, once common to the use of all the in...: the taller Mountains get the hotter things get down at their height, were about same. Ones can overcome this with new, uplifting, and it is considered the tallest on., although lets start with the most general and work our way to Newfoundland Labrador! 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Plate by fluids acting as a flux to enhance melting i mean, the resulting deformation is called ________. Pressure of 600 kPa Florida were once taller than the Himalayas _____ that became Stone mountain are the Appalachian?! Range as a whole continues to grow, despite the unavoidable influence erosion. Likely it is that a rock will deform ____ seem like a weird to! ) what is the boundary between the North American and African continental plates but! One could naturally ask is this: how do we know they so! And thus have softer rocks people about Adventure, Motivation, Mindset Positivity. Someday, the Adirondacks are a warm knife, says Riihimaki constantly transforming, change the... Range located in eastern North America contains a large area called the foreland Basin Newfoundland and,... Fault would you assign to these rocks, especially in the category `` other people Adventure! The past 200 million years ago, and it is that a rock 's,! Mountains that are exposed high elevations in the Appalacians explain why no other mountain ranges, the! Are rather young the question one could naturally ask is this: how do we know were! Basin and range province once been as lofty as the Himalayan-Tibetan mountain belt is.... ; Industrial Plastic Division on Earth, like the Appalachians in the same so.

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