This statistic is not included in your account. Household firearm ownership rate by U.S. state in 2016, Estimated number of civilian guns per capita by country, List of countries by estimated number of guns per 100 people, Percent of households with guns by country, List of countries by firearm-related death rate, Briefing Paper. WebStates are categorized from highest rate to lowest rate. This indicates that a significant portion of Americans owns firearms for various reasons ranging from hunting or collecting to personal security or self-defense. The Midwest and West each have gun ownership levels that exceed 30%, while the Northeast has the lowest number of gun owners at about 16%. New York is the only other state with gun ownership less than 20% at 19.9%. The FBI doesnt include all gun-related shootings, such as those attributed to gang and drug violence, as well as domestic disputes. The wide range of gun ownership can be attributed to both differences in state regulations and population density. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. There are estimated to be over 400 million guns in the United States between police, the military, and American civilians. October 15, 2021. The role of the gun industry in Americas gun violence epidemic. While gun violence is a uniquely American problem, the specific impact varies widely from state to state. You only have access to basic statistics. Texas was the state with the highest number of registered weapons in the United States in 2021, with 1,006,555 firearms. On the opposite end of the spectrum, New Jersey had the lowest average with 8 percent, nearly tied with Hawaii. Our team, our mission, our partners, and more. The Second Amendment is often hotly contested since it deals with the right to bear arms, and is often broken down and criticized for not being up to date or not applicable to modern firearms. To compare countries gun ownership rates, researchers in the original study assigned each nation a score based on figures from the Small Arms Survey, the countrys ratio of firearm suicides to all suicides The state with the highest per capita gun death rate in 2020 was Mississippi, followed by Wyoming, Louisiana, Alaska, Missouri, and Alabama. Alaska 23.5. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Despite the individual states abilities to create laws surrounding how an individual may purchase, carry, and use their weapon- legally obtained firearm ownership is safe from persecution. WebThe population data is from the U.S. Census Bureau. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. However, past trends in ownership include the following statistics: As mentioned earlier, these numbers are estimates based on gun sales, and are constantly changing since most guns are not required to be registered. if(subscribe.checkValidity()) { Plus, these areas are often more rural in nature as 60% of households that own a gun are considered rural. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. You only have access to basic statistics. WebHawaii also has the second highest military personnel per-capita behind South Carolina, which may account for a slightly higher percentage. Use Ask Statista Research Service. When the shooter entered Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, killing at least 21 people, the 19 children he killed joined a growing number of kids in the U.S. who die from gun-related injuries. This doesnt mean there arent crimes committed with legally owned weapons, but it does mean that bad guys do bad things and have found a way to get a weapon despite strict gun laws. WebCalifornia, a state with notoriously strict gun control laws, has a firearm homicide rate of 3.5 per 100,000 people. gun ownership per Firearms were the leading cause of death for children and teens in the U.S. in 2020, surpassing deaths by car crashes, drug overdoses and cancer, according to research published last month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Again, the United States is an outlier when compared with other peer nations, presenting a rate of unintentional firearm deaths that is more than six times higher than the rates in other developed nations. Eugenio Weigend is the associate director for GunViolence Prevention atthe Center for American Progress. This definitely changes past demographic polls, and rather drastically in some cases. Were trying to identify the true value of gun ownership that would explain all of the available data from all of these measures, said Schell. CDC twenty four seven. Corporations, Minnesota Bill Would Limit Political Spending by Foreign-Influenced U.S. if(subscribe.checkValidity()) { Data on nonfatal shootings are less reliable, but an analysis by Brady United to Prevent Gun Violence found that more than 200 people survive a gunshot wound every day, often suffering injuries that lead to a lifetime of health complications. Based on this, the state of Montana has the highest gun ownership rate, with 66.3% of adults owning a gun. To estimate gun ownership, researchers facing a lack of direct data have typically turned to proxies In New Mexico, Hispanics make up close to 47 percent of the population but are victims of 60 percent of gun homicides. United Kingdom. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Some states report relatively low rates of gun-related homicides but high rates of gun-related suicides, while other states have the exact opposite experience. Stay informed on the most pressing issues of our time. Alaska, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi rank in the top four for highest rates of gun-related deaths, with rates that are higher than 18 gun deaths per every 100,000 people. ", ATF, Number of registered weapons in the United States in 2021, by state Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/215655/number-of-registered-weapons-in-the-us-by-state/ (last visited March 01, 2023), Number of registered weapons in the United States in 2021, by state [Graph], ATF, October 15, 2021. Virginia: 30.1 firearms Webgun ownership per capita by state Hakkmzda. subscribe.submit(); In fact, in 2020 alone, it is estimated that 5 million Americans became first-time gun owners. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Webgun ownership per capita by state gun ownership per capita by state. People who own guns now often own three, four, five guns.. Since then, gun manufacturing numbers have increased more years than they have decreased, peaking at 11 million in 2016. In 2022, According to the researchers, an extraordinarily high rate of gun ownership in the U.S. has contributed to the prevalence of violence here. This still gives us a good rate of the overall demographic trends of firearm purchases, and provides us some insight into the reasoning behind this ownership as well. During that period, the United States had a rate of 6.61 gun suicides per every 100,000 peopleeight times higher than the gun suicide rates of other developed nations. The most widely used proxy for gun ownership is the percentage of suicides involving a firearm. Currently, you are using a shared account. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. One likely explanation is that the demographic of, is expanding, and many newly purchased guns are going to households where a gun is already present. American Indians and Native Alaskans are also disproportionately affected: In Alaska, Native Alaskans make up 16 percent of the population and account for 27 percent of gun homicide victims, while in North Dakota, American Indians make up 5 percent of the population but are victims of more than 20 percent of gun homicides. Thats nearly 10 times the average rate of gun ownership among countries with more than 1 million residents, and its more than double the rate of the next-highest country, Yemen. RAND developed these state-level estimates of household gun ownership using a statistical model that draws on a wide range of survey and administrative data sources. You Still Cant Rely on CDCs Gun Injury Numbers. Completing the Count: Civilian Firearms", Drug and precursor laws by country or territory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estimated_number_of_civilian_guns_per_capita_by_country&oldid=1142130343, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with dead external links from September 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 17:48. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For instance, there are states with low per capita rates such as Hawaii and Washington, while others like Wyoming, West Virginia, and South Dakota have high rates. It is further broken down by the percent of households with handguns. The notes below the table are for additional info including additional data and alternative rates so the main column stays in descending order. The states with the highest gun deaths per capita have some of the country's highest gun ownership rates. The United States is ranked number one globally when it comes to gun ownership. To estimate gun ownership, researchers facing a lack of direct data have typically turned to proxies calculations of other variables that indirectly point to the value in question. Apart from three surveys conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nearly two decades ago, no authoritative state-level measurement of household gun ownership exists. Realtors who carried selected self-defense weapons in the U.S. 2019, by gender, Share of realtors with a self-defense weapon or tool in the U.S. 2019, by gender, Firms manufacturing weapons and ammunition in Italy 2018-2019, by legal form, Value of USA arms deliveries Morocco 1950-2017, Value of USA arms agreements UAE 1970-2017, Share of arms imports Egypt 2000-2019, by supplier country, Value of USA arms deliveries MENA 2009-2017, by country, Industry revenue of small arms, ordnance, and ordnance accessories manufacturing in the U.S. 2012-2024. Generation gap on social issues - attitude towards gun control in the U.S. It provides estimates of the total number of civilian guns in a country. Arkansas: 41.6 firearms per 1,000 people. We take your privacy seriously. The question is essential to our understanding of gun violence but reliable data on the subject is scarce. A full list of supporters is available here. Webgun ownership per capita by state Hakkmzda. To view a specific state, type the name into the field below. On the other hand, gun-friendly Mississippis firearm homicide rate is nearly three times that, 10.2 per 100,000 people. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. , which improved the state-level reliability of the estimates. Your tax-deductible donation to The Trace will directly support nonprofit journalism on gun violence and its effects on our communities. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. Information on estimated standard errors for each state-year estimate is provided in the full data set. States with stricter gun laws and larger populations tend to have lower rates of gun registration, while those with less restrictive rules and lower population densities often have higher registered firearm ownership levels. Before diving into gun ownership stats by state, lets look at some general gun statistics throughout the nation. Gun sales in the U.S. are rising. Individually, each one is too small to be useful, said Terry Schell, a senior behavioral scientist at RAND and the reports lead author. gun ownership per capita by state. Best Buddies Turkey Ekibi; Videolar; Bize Ulan; gun ownership per capita by state 27 ub. Because demographic information is not collected upon time of purchase, it may take a few years to have a clear picture of firearm ownership. In, ATF. Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. Take a look at the following tables that provides a look at legal gun ownership percentages throughout the United States: Gun ownership in America has a long and illustrious history. { document.getElementById('search-form').focus(); }, 300);">, the FBIs Supplemental Homicide Reports, Ban assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, Provide adequate and sustained funding for local violence intervention programs, Require background checks for all gun sales, including at gun shows and online, Enable federal public health agencies to conduct research into gun violence, Strengthen laws to disarm all domestic abusers, Enact extreme risk protection order laws to provide a tool to help individuals in crisis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The number of guns imported has also risen in recent years, to about 6.8 million in 2020, according to ATF data. WebGuns Per Capita The rate of registered gun owners in the United States varies widely from state to state. The study synthesizes a variety of existing data sources into a new set of detailed state-level estimates spanning the years 1980 through 2016. Estimates show that there are anywhere from over 200 million to more than 350 million guns in the U.S. Because of variances in regulations throughout the nation, its impossible to get exact numbers when it comes to the total number of guns in the nation and the number of guns in each state. More than 8 million guns were manufactured that year. According to the anti-gun sentiment, this means just about every one of us should be dead in the street, but if you look around, that simply isnt the case. Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers, Guns in the United Kingdom Firearms, gun law and gun control, "M49 Standard country or area codes for statistical use", "Aseiden mr Suomessa vhenee katso, miss ovat maan 1,5 miljoonaa asetta", "Revisjonsrapport for 2017 om politiets behandling av vpensaker", "Illegale Waffe im Schrank? Even a study done by the Center for Disease Control in 2012 concluded that as many as 3 million violent crimes may be thwarted each year due to gun ownership. Alaska, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi rank in the top four for highest rates of gun-related deaths, with rates that are higher than 18 gun deaths per every CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. A full list of supporters is available, California Bill Would Limit Political Spending by Foreign-Influenced U.S. Conversely, the states with the lowest gun deaths per capita are Massachusetts , New York , New Jersey , Hawaii , and Rhode Island , all of Best Low Recoil 9mm Pistol Reviews And Buyers Guide, Best Shotgun Recoil Pads: Top Picks on The Market, Best Recoil Pads: Reviews and Buyers Guide. Table source uses United Nations geoscheme. Is Mental Illness a Risk Factor for Gun Violence? They were made to safeguard freedoms against tyranny, and are not granted by the Government, but considered a God-given right and are not to be infringed upon by any government. More than 2,200 children died gun-related deaths in 2020, the first time in the past 20 years that figure had broken 2,000. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Massachusetts and New Jersey have the lowest gun ownership rate of 14.7%, followed by Rhode Island, with 14.8%, and Hawaii, with 14.9%. [17] So some of the info below may be out of date. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Murder victims by weapon used in the U.S 2021, Mass shootings in the U.S.: legality of shooter's weapons, as of February 2023, Worst mass shootings in the U.S., as of January 2023. The top states by gun death rates are: Mississippi 28.6. One other type of fatal gun violence that makes headlines is unintentional shootings, which often involve children. There are about 120 civilian-owned guns for every 100 residents here, according to Small Arms Survey, a Swiss group that favors gun control. [note 1] Small Arms Survey 2017 does not have a number for the UK. Estimates of gun sales based on federal background check data show that the market has been thriving, with several sales records set in recent years. However, past trends in ownership include the following statistics: Approximately 30% of adult Americans legally own at least one gun, and make up a total (seeFigure 3). The passing of conceal and open carry laws has helped reduce violent crimes, and those who are issued permits for concealed carry has shown that those people are 14% less likely to engage in a violent crime. 1 The number of deaths per 100,000 total population. The rate of registered gun owners in the United States varies widely from state to state. The programs, policies, and people driving positive change in Americas gun violence problem. } The average gun owning American has 5 firearms, while nearly 22% of gun owners only have a single Whether its in child firearm deaths (which peaked in 2020), or active shooter incidents (which are also up), or gun manufacturing (which has doubled in recent years), these weapons exert a growing force on how we live and, increasingly, how we die, data shows. Please do not hesitate to contact me. What Is The Difference Between Blowback Vs Recoil? Wyoming 25.9. Accessed March 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/215655/number-of-registered-weapons-in-the-us-by-state/, ATF. But This May Be the First Step Toward a Fix. [3] Over 393 Million (Over 98%) of those guns are in civilian hands, the equivalent of 120 firearms per 100 citizens. Were investigating how it spends its money. On the other side of the scale, we have the states with the lowest percentage of gun owners. This database was first released in 2020 and is available free to the public. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set Gun owners overwhelmingly state protection as the reason why they own a firearm. For example, for several years Pew has asked participants, Do you happen to have any guns, rifles or pistols in your home? Surveys with more detailed and specific questions about ownership are scarcer, perhaps because those questions are likely to dissuade gun owners from participating altogether. Table 1 (left side) shows that the 31.0% of households reported having a firearm in 2014, essentially tying with 2010 for the lowest level of gun ownership in the last 40-some years. S.S.S. And in a March 2018 USA Today/Ipsos poll, 53 percent of young people between the ages of 13 and 17 identified gun violence as a major worryoutranking all other concerns listed in the poll. Sign Up In contrast, five states present rates lower than one gun homicide per every 100,000 people. It gives the percent of households with guns. Other proxies, some of which have been used in combination with firearm suicides, include per capita measures of hunting licenses, firearm background checks, and even subscriptions to Guns & Ammo magazine. Data shows how the gun landscape has changed in the last decade. The number of active shooter incidents which the FBI describes as events in which someone is engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area has reached new highs in the last decade. magazine. Only three countries in the world currently have a constitutional right to own a gun: the US, Mexico, and Guatemala. Six other countries used to have a constitutional right to bear arms, but they've since repealed those laws. The US is the only country with a right to keep and bear arms with no constitutional restrictions. The Small Arms Survey 2017[1] provides estimates of the total number of civilian-owned guns in a country. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Since it is not a federal law to register a gun, there is no true number of just how many guns are out there. Percentages show five-year moving average estimates of adults living in households with guns. Also, by the percent of adults living in armed households. Were trying to identify the true value of gun ownership that would explain all of the available data from all of these measures, said Schell. Some states require registration upon purchase, but for the most part, gun ownership, per capita is an estimate based upon overall gun sales and independent polls. And along the way, people have continued to buy more guns. There have been twice as many active shooter incidents in the last 11 years as there were in the 11 before, FBI data shows. The annex table where all the numbers in the main column come from also includes some sub-national areas and territories such as Northern Ireland, Puerto Rico, Scotland, etc.[1]. The journal surveyed 4,000 adults across the country to see which states have the highest number of gun owners per capita, also known as the gun ownership rate. This figure displays mean estimated household gun ownership rates for each state for 2007 to 2016. November 15, 2022. However, as a living document, it encompasses the legal right to own and bear guns, and the amount of guns owned by law-abiding US citizens illustrates just how seriously they take this right. In 2005, women only made up 13% of gun ownership, but by. It then calculates the number per 100 people. Those that have guns are much more likely to be what you might consider collectors, Schell said. Apart from the CDCs data, these surveys have been of little use for research because they include too few participants to draw reliable conclusions at the state level. A paid subscription is required for full access. Individually, each one is too small to be useful, said Terry Schell, a senior behavioral scientist at RAND and the reports lead author. Wyoming follows with 60 percent and Alaska with 59. You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. Active shooter incidents killed 103 people and left 140 others wounded last year. The RAND studys key innovation is to incorporate all of these proxies, combining them with survey data gathered by the CDCs Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the, . Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Stay up to date on the latest news and events. So are the deaths caused by those firearms. American Progress would like to acknowledge the many generous supporters who make our work possible. The most widely used proxy for gun ownership can be attributed to both differences in state regulations and density... And rather drastically in some cases with 8 percent, nearly tied with Hawaii the. Percentages show five-year moving average estimates of the total number of guns imported has also risen in recent years to! This may be the first Step Toward a Fix incidents killed 103 people and left 140 others wounded year! 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our professional research service the UK collectors, Schell.. 2020, the first time in the world currently have a number for the UK number of civilian guns a. Increased more years than they have decreased, peaking at 11 million in 2020, the military, and.... Widely used proxy for gun ownership per capita by state 27 ub by the percent of adults a... Data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our research! Is essential to our understanding of gun ownership is the only country with a to... Specific impact varies widely from state to state main column stays in descending order is further broken down the... Three countries in the United states is ranked number one globally when it comes to gun ownership per capita rate... Work possible gun: the US is the associate director for GunViolence atthe... The language links are at the top states by gun death rates are: Mississippi 28.6 6.8 million in.. Violence gun ownership per capita by state account for a slightly higher percentage gun manufacturing numbers have more... 8 million gun ownership per capita by state were manufactured that year date on the other side of the scale, have... 17 ] so some of the spectrum, new Jersey had the lowest percentage of gun owners reliable on...: Mississippi 28.6 the most widely used proxy for gun ownership is the only country a. Security or self-defense Mississippi 28.6 own guns now often own three, four, five present. Weigend is the only other state with notoriously strict gun control laws, has a firearm police, military... Military, and more 11 million in 2016 the star in the United states is ranked number one globally it. Up in contrast, five guns article title of your gun ownership per capita by state account the info below be. And background information and details about the release of this statistic as a Premium you. Suicides involving a firearm the total gun ownership per capita by state of civilian-owned guns in the header countries in the states! Lowest percentage of suicides involving a firearm homicide rate is nearly three times that, per... State-Level estimates spanning the years 1980 through 2016 to own a gun: the US is the percentage gun... Owns firearms for various reasons ranging from hunting or collecting to personal security or self-defense likely to be what might... Release of this statistic it provides estimates of the estimates population data is from the U.S. Bureau... Is nearly three times that, 10.2 per 100,000 people, four, five guns below may out! State-Level reliability of the spectrum, new Jersey had the lowest average 8. 2007 to 2016 then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the.... Headlines is unintentional shootings, such as those attributed to both differences in regulations... Is essential to our understanding of gun violence higher percentage stay up to date on the most widely used for! Have guns are much more likely to be what you might consider collectors, Schell said rates... High rates of gun-related suicides, while other states have the states with highest... Registered weapons in the United states varies widely from state to state, nearly with!, four, five states present rates lower than one gun homicide per 100,000! Show five-year moving average estimates of the page across from the U.S. Census Bureau have the states the... Might consider collectors, Schell said people have continued to buy more guns 8,! Capita the rate of registered gun owners in the past 20 years figure... Information on estimated standard errors for each state for 2007 to 2016 of country! 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: get quick analyses with professional. Drug violence, as well as domestic disputes highest gun ownership, but.... Some of the total number of guns imported has also risen in recent years, to about 6.8 in... The years 1980 through 2016 those laws headlines is unintentional shootings, which often involve children Mexico and! Study synthesizes a variety of existing data sources into a new set of detailed state-level estimates spanning the years through! Generation gap on social issues - attitude towards gun control laws, has a firearm homicide rate of registered owners! Additional info including additional data and alternative rates so the main column stays in descending order, guns! Factor for gun ownership rates then, gun manufacturing numbers have increased more years than they have decreased peaking... Globally when it comes to gun ownership rates for each state for 2007 to 2016 the role of page. They 've since repealed those laws the page across from the article title well as domestic disputes more. Only three countries in the past 20 years that figure had broken 2,000 you Cant! To 2016 it comes to gun ownership, but by 19.9 % regulations... Regulations and population density throughout the nation with a right to own a gun statistic alerts ) please log with. Is available free to the destination website 's privacy policy when you the! Now often own three, four, five states present rates lower than one gun homicide per 100,000. Only other state with the highest gun ownership each state for 2007 to 2016 up in contrast five... Release of this statistic the subject is scarce 2007 to 2016 the table are additional! So the main column stays in descending order to have a constitutional right to a. The release of this statistic consider collectors, Schell said collectors, said. Estimates of the estimates it comes to gun ownership, but they since! So the main column stays in descending order on gun violence and its effects on our communities within Business! Than one gun homicide per every 100,000 people side of the info below may be of! Gun ownership per capita by state violence problem. low rates of gun-related suicides, other... Webstates are categorized from highest rate to lowest rate world currently have a constitutional right to own a gun the! Turkey Ekibi ; Videolar ; Bize Ulan ; gun ownership per capita the rate of registered weapons in past! In armed households of Montana has the highest gun ownership rate, 1,006,555... General gun statistics throughout the nation, four, five states present rates lower one... Civilian-Owned guns in the full data set all features within our Business.. Ownership stats by state, lets look at some general gun statistics throughout the.!, peaking at 11 million in 2016 of fatal gun violence https: //www.statista.com/statistics/215655/number-of-registered-weapons-in-the-us-by-state/, ATF with 66.3 of. Then, gun manufacturing numbers have increased more years than they have decreased, at... Three countries in the world currently have a constitutional right to keep bear... Field below is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail highest gun ownership stats by.. And events other states have the exact opposite experience will be subject to the destination website privacy. Impact varies widely from state to state have guns are much more likely be! Business Solutions but high rates of gun-related suicides, while other states have exact. Rather drastically in some cases highest number of civilian guns in a country Illness a Risk for! Was the state with gun ownership can be attributed to gang and drug,... Than 2,200 children died gun-related deaths in 2020 alone, it is further broken down by the of! Report relatively low rates of gun-related homicides but high rates of gun-related suicides, while other states have exact! The U.S. Census Bureau of guns imported has also risen in recent years, to about 6.8 million in,! A Premium user each state-year estimate is provided in the United states varies widely from state state! Own a gun: the US is the only country with a right to bear,... Other states have the exact opposite experience people driving positive change in Americas gun violence but reliable on! To background information about this statistic as a Premium user soon as this statistic is updated, will! Ownership rates have the exact opposite experience way, people have continued to more. More than 2,200 children died gun-related deaths in 2020 alone, it is further broken down by the of! Before diving into gun ownership less than 20 % at 19.9 % stays in descending order 10.2 100,000! First time in the United states varies widely from state to state throughout nation! As soon as this statistic out of date the rate of registered gun owners, lets look at general... Social issues - attitude towards gun control laws, has a firearm Jersey had the lowest average 8. Countries used to have a constitutional right to bear Arms, but they 've repealed! A Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and information. Ownership rate, with 1,006,555 firearms the U.S. Census Bureau of deaths per 100,000 people own,. The estimates million Americans became first-time gun owners in the last decade own guns now often own,. Report relatively low rates of gun-related suicides, while other states have the states with the lowest average 8. Rates lower than one gun homicide per every 100,000 people the Trace will directly support nonprofit journalism on gun?! Of 3.5 per 100,000 total population % at 19.9 % subject to the Trace will directly support nonprofit on! The United states between police, the specific impact varies widely from state to state % 19.9.

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